2024 No. 3

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Rochester Social Center and the Expansion of Public School's Social Function
ZHANG Binxian, JIN Shudi
2024, (3): 5-16.
Abstract(112) HTML (65) PDF(91)
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the Rochester Social Center pioneered a new type of human interaction, making public school a place of exchange for groups with different cultural backgrounds. The Rochester Social Center was a forerunner of the Social Center Movement, promoting the Americanization of immigrants and making full use of existing school buildings. Few domestic scholars have conducted case studies on the center. Although American scholars have conducted studies on the center, such as its origin and development process, few scholars have paid attention to the contribution of the center in expanding the social functions of schools and promoting the transformation of schools. Based on the existing historical materials, this paper explores the impact of Rochester Social Center on the development of public schools in a form of a case study combining with the development process of Rochester Social Center. The research believes that school as a social center expands the social function of school, that makes the connection between school and society closer, and that reshapes the image of school.
From the "Settlement of Life" to "Social Shaping": Rethinking "Adulthood" Education of Neo-Confucianism Based on Liang Shuming's Educational Thought
REN Xiaodong
2024, (3): 17-27.
Abstract(184) HTML (82) PDF(73)
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The way that Liang Shuming and his comrades lead to the transformation of Chinese society through education is of great representative significance in the modern transformation of "adulthood" education. Liang's educational path stems from "life question" and revolves around his "two major questions". Therefore, he takes "adulthood" as the fundamental goal of education, and the core of his educational thoughts can be summarized as: using "emotional education" to shape the positive and enterprising life attitudes and using social subject to lead to the overall reconstruction of social culture, which contains two key points: first, developing the "outward" and aggressive side of the "adulthood" education, even though it initially focuses on the "inside"; secondly, transforming the way of "cultivating one's moral character" and "nurturing one's nature" into the power of "being able to work together" and "serving the public". From this, Liang Shuming, based on the Taizhou School's theory of "awakening the people and practicing the Tao", developed the connotation of the two classic Confucian propositions "Confucius and Yan's joy" and "accomplishing oneself and achieving things", and transformed "desire" into "hardness" and "created" life. The two interrelated aspects construct its educational path that leads to the overall reshaping of life and society through "adult" education. That is to say, the education that stems from human ethics and daily life can inspire people's self-consciousness and connect body and mind together and can further achieve simultaneous self-creation and social creation. Also, what it hides in this educational path from "soul" to "society" is his modern transformation of the Confucian philosophy of "inner sage and outer king" - the isomorphism of spiritual and social undertakings.
The Social-Educational Mechanism and Governance Path for the Academic Overburden on Primary and Middle School Students
LIU Jianyin
2024, (3): 28-36.
Abstract(121) HTML (68) PDF(76)
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The improvement of individual SES relies on obtaining education from schools, and the division of the labor market restricts the competition to high-quality resources within the general school education system. The demand for fairness also simplifies the standard of competition into the ranking of scores which is measurable through the knowledge in the books. As a result, it is inevitable that the test will be more difficult, that the learning process will become more advanced, that the time will be longer, and that the burden will become heavier. Excessive burden has a serious impact on learning resilience as well as physical and mental health. Reducing the heavy academic burden is a protracted battle that requires further strengthening the governance of "double reduction", clarifying the value orientation of long-term sustainable learning, reconstructing a diversified education system, and promoting the transformation of talent selection in order to break out of the Mobius cycle.
Horizontal Measurements and the Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of "the Collapse of Xianzhong"
WANG Dong, WANG Ziwei
2024, (3): 37-46.
Abstract(129) HTML (43) PDF(69)
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County-level ordinary high schools are one of the links connecting compulsory education and higher education, and are an important step for many students to realize class mobility. With the reform of 'school selection fees' policy and the rise of 'super high school' in ordinary high schools in various regions of China, there are some collapses in some Xianzhong, such as the continuous loss of high-quality students and teachers, and the declining enrollment rate. Based on the data of high school education resource allocation in urban areas and counties of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019, this study constructs the evaluation index system of 'the collapse of Xianzhong'. Combined with the entropy weight method, it is found that the development trend of 'the collapse of Xianzhong' in China presents a typical spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The results show that: in terms of time, after the 'school selection fees' policy reform in 2015, the degree of 'the collapse of Xianzhong' in the whole country has increased significantly; in terms of space, affected by the distribution of 'super secondary schools', the degree of 'the collapse of Xianzhong' in the eastern region is significantly higher than that in the central and western regions. Therefore, in the promotion of county development action, we need to adhere to the effective market and the government, from the optimization of high school education investment structure, control of super high school disorderly enrollment and other issues to empower the county revitalization.
The Formation Mechanism and Its Leap of "Liberal Arts and Science Distinction": Analyzing the Practice of Subject Selections in the "3+1+2" New College Entrance Examination
WU Yilin, LIU Ruya
2024, (3): 47-58.
Abstract(152) HTML (101) PDF(37)
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Through the analysis of the "3+1+2" New College Entrance Examination examinees' subject selection practice, it is found that the formation of "liberal arts and science distinction" of examinees is not linear "from nothing", but rooted in the examinees' preconceptions and situational stimulation in the process of social interaction. That is, the preconceived preconceptions composed of academic expectation, thinking pattern and stereotype are the reasonableness source for the formation of examinees' "liberal arts and science distinction". Situational factors such as social needs, school guidance and others influence further stimulate the guiding role of the former. In addition, the New College Entrance Examination gives examinees the right to choose subjects relatively freely, which also makes some examinees germinate the power to leap the "liberal arts and science distinction". Examinees who rely on the accumulation of achievements and the integration of academic feelings, participate in the pre-emptive preconceptions, but also weakens the influence of situational factors. The study holds that the formation of examinee's "liberal arts and science distinction" is universal, and the method of leaping the constraint of this tendency has its heterogeneity. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the design of the College Entrance Examination system, focus on the subjective participation of candidates, and make concerted efforts.
Haldane and Modern British Higher Education Reform: A Historical Investigation Centered on His Educational Practice Activities
YUAN Chuanming
2024, (3): 59-70.
Abstract(99) HTML (59) PDF(34)
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As an outstanding British politician in the early 20th century, Haldane participated in higher education reforms in England, Ireland, Wales, and other places. On the basis of drawing inspiration from German university model, he advocated reforming the higher education model that separates teaching and examination, and adovating a university education model that combines teaching and research. Although Haldane's identity as an educator cannot be compared to those of famous educators in Western education history, his contribution to the reform and development of modern British higher education is indelible. On the one hand, this is manifested as political. He participated in the reform of the University of London twice, promoting the promulgation of the University of London Act of 1898 and the University of London Act of 1926, helping City College obtain legal university status, and pointing out the direction for the development of higher education in Ireland and Wales; On the other hand, it also manifests as academic. Haldane's ideas were deeply in?uenced by German classical philosophy. He has published insightful insights on the essence of university, the concept of civic university and technical education, which are enough to enrich the intellectual treasure trove of modern British higher education.
The Historical Evolution and Path Choices of Basic Education Governance in France
ZHANG Mengqi
2024, (3): 71-79.
Abstract(195) HTML (60) PDF(42)
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The French basic education governance stands out among developed countries. In response to the challenges posed by popularization and democratization of education, as well as global educational competition, its governance model of education has gradually shifted from centralization to a more interactive system involving the Ministry of Education, local authorities, néo-corporatists, schools, and a diverse educational market including parents. This new model combines centralized control with hierarchical organization, legal regulation with pluralistic negotiation, aiming to enhance local management efficiency, promote school autonomy, and ensure a kind of balanced and high-quality education. France is embarked on a path of governance transformation through educational administrative decentralization, contract agreements, priority education policies, and enhanced educational assessment and supervision systems. Although the governance of basic education in France remains a top-down and loosely structured process, its explorations offer certain insights for China in achieving the modernization of education governance.
The Formation of the Governance Framework for Pre-Service Teacher Education in the United Kingdom: A Perspective on the Evolution of Government's Role
YANG Xi, ZHAO Kang
2024, (3): 80-89.
Abstract(75) HTML (66) PDF(50)
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Governance of contemporary teacher education emphasizes the participation of multiple stakeholders, while the coordination among government, schools, market, and educational organizations is still to be explored. Meanwhile, as an important source of governance ideas, the history of the development of education governance in the United Kingdom is also worthy of investigation. In the formation of the governance framework for pre-service teacher education in the UK, the government transformed from a passive "bystander" without interference or attempted management of teacher training, to a "guide" in teacher education management through allocating funding and consummating the supervisory systems, and further evolved into a "co-governor" of teacher education under government leadership, reflecting the expansion and improvement of government functions from the political domain to the educational domain. Exploring the process of formation of the governance framework for pre-service teacher education in the UK contributes to reflecting on the theory and practice of teacher education governance. Focusing on the guiding attributes of teachers in the education system and social development and improving the government's leading role, coordinating the wisdom of multiple stakeholders as well as clarifying the influence of cultural traditions can help to further exploring and improving the governance path for teacher education in the new era.
Exploring the Supervisor-student Relationship of International Doctoral Students Coming to China from the Perspective of Recognition Theory
ZHAO Bin, MAO Jinde
2024, (3): 90-99.
Abstract(103) HTML (60) PDF(49)
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International doctoral students coming to China are high-end talents in China's international education. Exploring their supervisor-student relationship could help improve the learning experience and training quality of these students based on the recognition theory. A qualitative research method was applied to analyze the current situation and characteristics of the supervisor-student of international doctoral students in a "Double First Class" university in Beijing. Research has shown that conflicts of professionalism and deficiencies of affective are the key factors affecting their relationship, and that professionalism and affective are important factors for constituting superior professional relation which is also key base to facilitate the bonding between two sides. Therefore, universities should pay attention to these students' psychological status, and adopt proper support strategies for their academic and career to enhance the career coupling of two sides, so as to promote the quality of supervisor-student relationship.
A Review and Outlook on the Development of Degree Clothing in China from the Perspective of Chinese Path to Modernization of Education
XU Kefeng, GE Keying
2024, (3): 100-108.
Abstract(156) HTML (192) PDF(68)
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This year is the 30th anniversary of the promulgation of the "94 style" academic uniform in China. On this occasion, a review of the process of the development of ancient Chinese scholar attire and contemporary academic degree attire can help solve the current debate in society and academia about "whether" academic degree attire should be appropriate and "how" to be localized in China. The ancient uniforms for scholars and imperial examinations in China have a very long history, emphasizing symbolic significance. As academic identity symbols, they have great similarities with modern academic uniforms and are the important embodiment of the Chinese nation's spirit of valuing culture and education. In the 20th century, China's modern degree uniform system was finally established which went through a hundred years, but the characteristics of Sinicization are still not prominent enough. Since the beginning of the new century, the private sectors and some universities have actively explored the construction of Chinese style modern degree uniforms. The development of modern Chinese academic dress should strengthen cultural self-confidence, uphold openness and inclusiveness, adhere to innovation, demonstrate the long-standing tradition of valuing culture and education of the Chinese nation, highlight the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization such as continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness and peace, and achieve the organic unity of "Chinese style" and "modernization".
Do Not Forget the Original, Face the Future: A Review and Outlook on Higher Education Studies in China —— Book Review of Contemporary Chinese Educational Academic History: Higher Education Studies
WEN Wen, WANG Songdi
2024, (3): 109-112.
Abstract(83) HTML (133) PDF(34)
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