加拿大省级学位授权审核机制研究——以大不列颠哥伦比亚省为例

蒋慧子; 彭虹斌; 贺芳

加拿大省级学位授权审核机制研究——以大不列颠哥伦比亚省为例

1.
华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院，广东广州510006
2.
惠州学院教育科学学院，广东惠州516007

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋慧子，女，广东广州人，华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院博士研究生，华南师范大学东帝汶研究中心副研究员，主要研究方向为教育政策与法律、比较教育学研究，电子邮箱：374772279@qq.com

彭虹斌，男，湖北洪湖人，华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院教授，华南师范大学东帝汶研究中心研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为教育政策与法律、比较教育学研究

贺芳，女，湖南长沙人，惠州学院教育科学学院讲师，博士，主要研究方向为教育政策

中图分类号: G647
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-20
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-25

A Study on The Operation Mechanism of Canada's Provincial Degree Authorization Review System: A Case Study of British Columbia

1.
School of Politics and Public Administration, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.
School of Educational Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China

摘要

摘要: 学位授权审核对于规范高等教育活动，有效保障高等教育质量发挥着重要作用。受高等教育分权治理的影响，加拿大各省独立开展学位授权审核工作，即在国家统一的标准框架内，各省根据实际情况制定了相应的授权审核标准。省级政府在学位授权中发挥着主导作用，故而各省实行的是“省级政府-各大院校”的授权审核管理架构。大不列颠哥伦比亚（British Columbia）作为高等教育水平居于全国前列的省份之一，建立了较为成熟的学位授权审核制度和运行机制，并在学位授权审核方面形成如下特色：一是依法明确学位授权审核的内涵及其界限；二是科学构建学位授权审核的权责体系；三是有效调动多元利益相关者的参与，共同推进学位授权审核工作。
- 加拿大 /
- 省级 /
- 学位授权审核 /
- 机制
Abstract: Degree authorization review plays an important role in regulating the higher education market and effectively ensuring the quality of higher education. Influenced by the decentralized governance of higher education, each province in Canada independently carries out degree authorization review work, among which the provincial government plays a leading role in degree authorization, thus forming a "provincial government-major colleges and universities" authorization review management framework. Within the national unified standard framework, each province has formulated corresponding authorization review standards according to actual conditions. As one of the provinces with the highest level of higher education in the country, British Columbia has established a relatively mature degree authorization review system. By exploring the power allocation and operation mechanism of the main bodies in the degree authorization review system of British Columbia, the characteristics of the degree authorization review system in the province are summarized as follows. Firstly, the connotation and boundary of degree authorization review have to be clarified under the premise of following the law. Secondly, the power and responsibility system of degree authorization review urgently needs to be built scientifically. Lastly, the participation of relevant stakeholders ought to be effectively mobilized for jointly promoting the degree authorization review.
- Canada /
- Provincial level /
- Degree authorization review /
- Mechanism

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图 1 大不列颠哥伦比亚省学位授权审核主体之间的权力配置

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图 2 学位授权审核的程序

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表 1 加拿大国家层面学位授权审核的标准

新学位项目学位授权审核标准	新增学位授权机构学位授权审核标准
学位级别：符合加拿大学位资格框架	使命宣言与学术目标：机构应具备一定的学术特征、组织愿景和学术目标
学术政策：具备与拟议学位项目水平一致的入学、晋升和毕业政策，制订了学术诚信、学分转移等相关的学术政策以及授予学分的过程等文件	学术自由和诚信：应保持学术自由和知识独立的氛围，学术活动得到政策、程序和实践的支持
项目内容：项目的主题及学习成果标准符合加拿大学位资格框架中的学位级别标准，同时符合所在省份或地区内的公认标准	行政能力：具备一定能力的行政人员、有关机构战略规划的政策以及用于收集和分析规划和决策所需数据的适当信息系统等
项目交付：最终的学习成果符合学位水平标准，主要考察授课方式是否适合课程内容以及支持资源与知识（人力、物力）的有效性等	信息服务/系统：机构应为学生和教师提供适当的信息服务和学习资源，以支持学术课程
治理：以学生获得学习成果所必需的教育质量为目标	治理：具备组织和管理高等教育机构所需的法律特征和治理特征
人力资源：具备足够且合适的教学人员资源，保护教学人员的学术自由和专业发展等	教职员工：具备足够且合适的学术教师和教学人员以及合理的人力资源开发与管理的相关政策
物质资源：拥有学习与信息资源以及适当的学术服务支持	实体设施：该机构应具备实体场地和设施，包括实验室、图书馆、技术和专用设备，适合支持其提供的一个或多个项目的学位课程，或能为采用替代交付方式的学生提供足够的学习资源和学习支持
证书认可：具备清晰的学习成果和标准，并获得其他高等教育机构、雇主和专业机构对证书、学分转移的认可	学生保护：重视并维护学生的诚信和道德行为，明确学生的入学要求、协议以及经济支援等
监管和认证：学习成果、标准以及其他毕业要求符合相关监管机构或专业机构的要求	财务稳定：具备充足的财务资源，向学生提供稳定的学习环境并确保学生能够完成他们的课程；同时，机构须具备可靠的战略及商业计划
项目评估：具备正式批准内部项目计划的政策和程序，对项目计划进行周期性审查与评估（一个周期通常不超过十年）	定期审查：具备正式批准内部业务的政策和程序，对单位及业务进行周期性审查（一个周期通常不超过十年）
	争议解决：制定解决学位争端的政策以及相关的法律、申诉途径等
资料来源：Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada（2007）[EB/OL].（2023-03-08）[2023-03-28].https://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/95/QA-Statement-2007.en.pdf.

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