Abstract: Teacher is an important foundation of rural primary schools. However, currently rural primary schools are generally unable to recruit and retain excellent teachers, which constrains the development of these schools. Under the background of the poverty alleviation campaign and the progression of educational modernization, this paper examines the dilemmas of being unable to attract and retain outstanding teachers in rural primary schools, as well as teachers' inadequate interdisciplinary teaching ability and low recognition. It argues that the state should support teacher training universities to strengthen their interdisciplinary comprehensive teaching ability by improving relevant policies, training programs and practical mechanisms of directional training of free general subject teachers for remote and poverty-stricken rural areas. The state should also cultivate the local identity consciousness of students through several phases of local training and select candidates of rural primary school teachers with a passion for the country and education, who have the motivation to stay and to contribute to the development of rural primary education.