Abstract: Examining the connotation of "world-class universities" is a prerequisite for advancing their development. The quantitative ranking systems of global university league tables are inadequate for fully revealing their essential attributes. Through historical tracing, case comparisons, and philosophical deduction, it can be observed that liberal education constitutes the common spiritual tradition and value foundation of world-class universities. An examination of Oxford, Harvard, Humboldt University, MIT, and Peking University demonstrates that the profound underpinning of their outstanding academic achievements lies precisely in the educational paradigm shaped by liberal education, a paradigm that takes the exploration of advanced knowledge as its logical starting point, the integration of teaching and research as its fundamental path, and the cultivation of the whole person as its ultimate goal. Within this framework, a governance system championing academic autonomy, pedagogical models that stimulate inquiry, and a balanced integration of arts and sciences in disciplinary formation collectively shape the internal ecology for sustainable university development. Unlike instrumental and utilitarian approaches, liberal education adheres to people-oriented values, respects academic self-determination, and emphasizes foundational and integrative learning, thereby laying the groundwork for the enduring excellence of world-class universities. For China, the "Double First-Class" initiative must transcend the restless chase for rankings, calmly return to the inherent logic of the university, and rationally construct a systematic, connotative development path with liberal education at its core.