Abstract: Guided by the strategic orientation of the 2026 National Two Sessions on adolescent health education, this article addresses the dual predicament currently facing primary and secondary school students, namely the decline in physical fitness, the increasingly younger onset of myopia, and the frequent occurrence of psychological problems. It clearly points out the long-standing problems of traditional health education, characterized by an overemphasis on treatment rather than prevention and a separation between physical and mental health education. Accordingly, it advocates a shift from end-stage remediation through "treating disease after it has occurred" to source-based governance through "preventive treatment of disease" ("Zhi wei bing" in Chinese). Specifically, physical education should be taken as the key breakthrough point, supported by evaluation reform, medical-educational collaboration, and digital empowerment, so as to reconstruct the ecosystem of school health education. By strengthening students' subject position, fully exploring the educational potential of physical education, and building a multi-stakeholder closed loop of early warning and intervention, the integrated cultivation of physical and mental health can ultimately be achieved.