The Three Forms of Deep Learning: A Perspective Based on Development of Core Competencies for Chinese Students

With the advent of the network era, the perspective of learning research is gradually moving from shallow learning to deep learning. Deep learning is not only an important mechanism for promoting the development of students' core competencies, but also a major learning approach for the future. The core competencies of Chinese students' development include " independent development", "social participation" and "cultural foundation", corresponding to the three foundations of human nature of Marxist philosophy i. e. " autonomy", " sociality" and " property of culture", which contain the three forms of deep learning. Individual cognitive network based on "autonomy", social interaction network based on "sociality" and "actor network" based on "property of culture" are the three forms of learning that promote students' deeper learning of cultural knowledge, as well as the development of their core competencies on self-development and social participation, characterized as "research-based learning", "project-based learning" and "action learning". The three forms of deep learning will play an important role in the formation and development of students' core competencies.