Private Tutoring under the "Double Reduction" Policy:Risks of Disorder and Approaches of Regulation

Under the national "Double Reduction" policy, the extracurricular tutoring market is undergoing transformation from institutional training to private tutoring. At present, private tutoring is facing risks of disorder because of its informal nature, examination orientation, and profit-making orientation. Without timely regulation, the development of private tutoring might produce negative effects on the implementation of "Double Reduction" policy, such as:increasing families' financial burdens; increasing students' academic burdens; aggravating educational competitions; and damaging educational equity. The approaches of regulating private tutoring are based on the balance of state power, individual choice, and rule of education. To this end, it is important to follow three essential value principles, including maintaining legitimacy, freedom of choice, and order of educational market.