Fiscal Criss of Central Government and Pattern Variation of National Universities in Eady Republic of China

In the early 1920s, the education finance of the central goverment faced a serious crisis, and the sources of funding for the national universities were seriously challenged. National universities have been established in various forms throughout the country, such as the conversion of the national higher normal school to the national university, the reorganization of the original higher technical college into a national university, and the direct financing of a new national university. The “central-local” distribution pattern of the national university initially formed. The main source of funding for the national university education, from relying on the central financial supply, extended to central finance and local finance, social donations and other channels to share the diverse pattern. At the same time, the problems of the decline of the quality of education, the conflicts between normal character and academic character, and the change of the pattern of administrative power within the universities also appeared in the national universities. National universities and educational communities were advocating the independence of education funds and university autonomy.