How to Improve Students’ Learning Motivation and Mastery: Experience from“2M” Educational Practice in Norway

From 2012 to 2017, Norway launched a series of educational practices to improve learning motivation and mastery of junior secondary school students. " Learning motivation" refers to the driving force that triggers students' learning behavior, maintains learning state and ultimately leads to certain learning objectives. " Mastery" refers to students' ability and the level of mastery of knowledge acquisition on the one hand, and students' ability to master their own study and life on the other hand. The main content of this educational practice includes one core goal, two educational ideas, three driving tools, five main objectives and six behavioral subjects. The educational practice also takes some measures to promote the specialized characteristics of school curriculum, enriching a teacher's competence network, building a learning organization, and promoting the diversification of school cooperation, which provides useful insights into the reform and development of basic education in China.