预防和干预青少年自杀危机:家校合作模式

苏细清

预防和干预青少年自杀危机:家校合作模式

苏细清

详细信息

作者简介:
苏细清,女,香港浸会大学社会工作系一级讲师,社会工作实践及精神健康中心副主任,香港注册社工,哲学博士(香港,999077)。

计量
- 文章访问数: 687
- HTML全文浏览量: 183
- PDF下载量: 91
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-16

Preventing and Intervening Suicide Crisis of Adolescents: A Model of Family-School Collaboration

SU Xiqing

摘要

摘要: 在文献综述的基础上，对青少年自杀的意图、影响因素以及干预模式进行批评性讨论和分析：首先对青少年自杀类型进行重新定义，将其区分为由相对慢性危险因素导致的计划型自杀和由相对急性危险因素导致的冲动型自杀；结合青少年期是个体心理、情绪和个性发展的暴风雨期这一特性，分析青少年的自杀问题对家庭和学校系统的路径依赖，肯定青少年自杀不仅反映其自身的脆弱性，更呈现出其长期所处的家庭或学校系统未决问题，强调家校合作预防和干预青少年自杀的重要性；此外，对影响青少年自杀的诸多因素进行重新梳理，根据自杀诱发的不同阶段，区分为前置因素、促成因素、诱发因素和保护因素，以讨论不同因素对不同阶段的影响，并基于此，从实践的角度，提出家校合作预防和干预青少年自杀的工作模式、工作策略和工作手法等。
- 家校合作 /
- 青少年 /
- 自杀危机 /
- 预防
Abstract: Based on a literature review, this paper critically discusses and analyzes the intentions, influencing factors, and intervention models of adolescent suicide. First, I redefine the types of adolescent suicides, distinguishing between planned suicides caused by relatively chronic risk factors and impulsive suicides caused by relatioely acute risk factors. Considering the character of adolescence as a period of stormy psychological, emotional, and personality development of individuals, I analyse the path dependence of adolescent suicides on family and school systems, affirming that adolescent suicides not only reflect their own vulnerability, but also show the long-lasting unresolved problems of family or school systems. I therefore emphasize the importance of family-school collaboration in preventing and intervening in adolescent suicide. In addition, I re-examine the many factors influencing youth suicide, differentiating between predisposing factors, contributing factors, precipitating factors and protective factors in response to the different stages of suicide initiation. This is to discuss the influence of different factors on different stages. Based on this, from a practical point of view, I propose a working model of family-school collaboration for youth suicide prevention and intervention, as well as working strategies and working practices, etc.
- family-school collaboration /
- adolescent /
- crisis of suicide /
- prevention

HTML全文

参考文献(88)

[1]	World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2015[A]. World Health Organization, 2015:15-20.
[2]	Newman B. M, Newman P. R. Development Through Life:A Psychosocial Approach (12th ed.)[M]. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2015:297.
[3]	Casey B. J, Rebecca M, Levita J, et al. The Storm and Stress of Adolescence:Insights from Human Imaging and Mouse Genetics[J]. Developmental Psychobiology, 2010, 52(3):225-235.
[4]	Rickwood D, Cavanagh S, Curtis L, et al. Educating Young People about Mental Health and Mental Illness:Evaluating a School-Based Programme[J]. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 2018, 6(4):23-32.
[5]	Shain B. Committee on Adolescence. Suicide and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents[J]. Pediatrics, 2016, 138(1):pii:e20161420.
[6]	Ziaei R, Viitasara E, Soares J, et al. Suicidal Ideation and Its Correlates among High School Students in Iran:A Cross Sectional Study[J]. Bmc Psychiatry, 2017, 17(1):147.
[7]	Brunner R, Kaess M, Parzer P, et al. Life-time Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Adolescent Direct Self-injurious Behavior:A Comparative Study of Findings in 11 European Countries[J]. Journal of Child Psychological Psychiatry, 2014, 55(4):337-348.
[8]	World Health Organization (WHO). Suicide rate estimates, crude-Estimates by country[EB/OL]. (2019-06-22)[2020-08-15]. https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health.
[9]	王雅婷, 肖水源, 郭晓艳, 等. 中国中学生自杀意念相关因素的系统综述和meta分析[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2019, 33(6):464-469.
[10]	胡月, 樊富珉, 戴艳军, 等. 大学生生活事件与自杀意念:生命价值观的中介与调节作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2016, 24(1):149-151.
[11]	O'Connor R. C, Nock M. K. The Psychology of Suicidal Behaviour[J]. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2014, 1(1):73-85.
[12]	Evans E, Hawton K, Rodham K, et al. The Prevalence of Suicidal Phenomena in Adolescents:A Systematic Review of Population-based Studies[J]. Suicide Life Threat Behavior, 2005, 35(3):239-250.
[13]	肖水源. 自杀危险性的临床评估[J]. 中国医师杂志, 2001, 32(2):87-90.
[14]	红星新闻. 上海17岁男孩跳桥身亡真相职校男生被母亲批评跳桥自杀[EB/OL]. (2019-04-18 )[2020-08-16]. http://www.mnw.cn/edu/news/2152576.html.
[15]	瑾年. 网课23天, 12岁男孩跳楼自杀, 我却在这4封遗书中发现了真相……[EB/OL]. (2020-03-12 )[2020-08-16]. https://xw.qq.com/cmsid/20200313A001WW00.
[16]	Kalafat J. Underwood M. Crisis Intervention in the Context of Outpatient Treatment of Suicidal Patients[M]//R. Yufit, D. Lester (Eds.), Assessment, Treatment and Prevention of Suicidal Behavior. New York:Wiley, 2005:163-180.
[17]	World Health Organization (WHO). Mental Health:Suicide Prevention[EB/OL].[2020-08-17]. http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/en/.
[18]	White J. Preventing Youth Suicide:A Guide for Practitioners. Ministry of Child and Family Development.[2020-08-17]. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/health/managing-your-health/mental-health-substance-use/child-teen-mental-health/preventing_youth_suicide_practitioners_guide.pdf.
[19]	范勇, 梁静, 孟详军. 青少年自杀危险因素研究进展[J]. 青岛大学学报医学版, 2015, 51(6):748-752.
[20]	Van Heeringen K, Mann J. J. The Neurobiology of Suicide[J]. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2014, 1(1):63-72.
[21]	Pan Y. J, Juang K. D, Lu S. R, et al. Longitudinal Risk Factors for Suicidal thoughts in Depressed and Non-depressed Young Adolescents[J]. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2017, 51(9):930-937.
[22]	Raleva M. Early Life Stress:A Key Link between Childhood Adversity and Risk of Attempting Suicide[J]. Psychiatr Danub, 2018, 30(Suppl 6):341-347.
[23]	Xu Y, Wang C, Shi M. Identifying Chinese Adolescents with a High Suicide Attempt Risk[J]. Psychiatry Research, 2018(269):474-480.
[24]	姚卿腾. 台湾青少年自杀防治之介入策略研究[J]. 青年探索, 2015(6):41-49.
[25]	Asghari F, Sadeghi A, Aslani K, et al. The Survey of Relationship between Perceived Stress, Coping Strategies and Suicide Ideation among Students at University of Guilan, Iran[J]. International Journal of Education and Research, 2013, 1(11):1-8.
[26]	Zhang X. Y, Wang H. P, Xia Y, et al. Stress, Coping and Suicide Ideation in Chinese College Students[J]. Journal of Adolescence, 2012, 35(3):683-690.
[27]	Khazem L. R, Law K. C, Green B. A, et al. Examining the Relationship between Coping Strategies and Suicidal Desire in a Sample of United States Military Personnel[J]. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2015(57):2-9.
[28]	Yao Y. S, Chang W. W, Jin Y. L, et al. Life Satisfaction, Coping, Self-esteem and Suicide Ideation in Chinese Adolescents:A School-based Study[J]. Child:Care, Health and Development, 2014, 40(5):747-752.
[29]	刘世宏, 许晓璠, 章益磊, 等. 同伴压力知觉与青少年自杀意念:侵入性反刍和回避应对的链式中介作用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2019, 27(2):321-329.
[30]	Cho S. E, Na K. S, Cho S. J, et al. Geographical and Temporal Variations in the Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Suicide:Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Affect Disorder, 2016(190):704-713.
[31]	Rodzinski P, Rutkowski K, Ostachowska A. Progression of Suicidal Ideation to Suicidal Behavior from a Perspective of Selected Suicidological Models[J]. Psychiatr Pol, 2017, 51(3):515-530.
[32]	杜睿, 江光荣. 自杀行为:影响因素、理论模型及研究展望[J]. 心理科学进展, 2015, 23(8):1437-1452.
[33]	Shneidman E. S. Suicide as Psychache[J]. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1993, 18(3):147-149.
[34]	Cavanagh J. T. O, Carson A. J, Sharpe M, et al. Psychological Autopsy Studies of Suicide:A Systematic Review[J]. Psychological Medicine, 2003, 33(3):395-405.
[35]	Conner K. R, Bohnert A. S, McCarthy J. F, et al. Mental Disorder Comorbidity and Suicide among 2. 96 Million Men Receiving Care in the Veterans Health Administration Health System[J]. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2013, 122(1):256-263.
[36]	Slama F, Merle S, Ursulet G, et al. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Lifetime Suicide Attempts among Caribbean People in the French West Indies[J]. Psychiatry Research, 2011, 190(2-3):271-274.
[37]	Harris E. C, Barralough B. Suicide as an Outcome for Mental Disorders:A Meta-analysis[J]. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1997(170):205-228.
[38]	Suokas J. T, Per l J, Suominen K, et al. Epidemiology of Suicide Attempts among Persons with Psychotic Ddisorder in the General Population[J]. Schizophrenia Research, 2010, 124(1-3):22-28.
[39]	Palmer B. A, Pankratz V. S, Bostwick J. M. The Lifetime Risk of Suicide in Schizophrenia[J]. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2005, 62(3):247-253.
[40]	Blasco-Fontecilla H, Baca-Garcia E, Dervic K, et al. Severity of Personality Disorders and Suicide Attempt[J]. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2009, 119(2):149-155.
[41]	Pompili M, Girardi P, Ruberto A, et al. Suicide in Borderline Personality Disorder:A Meta-analysis[J]. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2005, 59(5):319-324.
[42]	Nock M. K, Hwang I, Sampson N. A, et al. Mental Disorders, Comorbidity and Suicidal Behavior:Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication[J]. Molecular Psychiatry, 2010, 15(8):868-876.
[43]	Wang M, Lightsey R, Pietruszka T, et al. Purpose in Life and Reasons for Living as Mediators of the Relationship between Stress, Coping, and Suicidal Behavior[J]. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2007(2):195-204.
[44]	Li D, Zhang W, Li X, et al. Gratitude and Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts among Chinese Adolescents:Direct, Mediated, and Moderated Effects[J]. Journal of Adolescence, 2012, 35(1):55-66.
[45]	Johnson J. G, Cohen P, Gould M. S, et al. Childhood Adversities, Interpersonal Difficulties, and Risk for Suicide Attempts during Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood[J]. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2002, 59(8):741-750.
[46]	王桂珍, 王艳郁, 孙宏伟, 等. 青少年自杀行为的保护性因素探讨[J]. 医学与哲学, 2016, 37(5A):35-38.
[47]	Shaffer D. R. Social and Personality Development[M]. Belmont, CA:Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005:216.
[48]	Dube S, Anda R, Felitti V, et al. Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction, and the Risk of Attempted Suicide throughout the Lifespan[J]. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2001, 286(24):3089-3096.
[49]	Miller A. B, Esposito-Smythers C, Weismoore J. T, et al. The Relation between Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Suicidal Behavior:A Systematic Review and Critical Examination of the Literature[J]. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2013, 16(2):146-172.
[50]	Miller A. B, Jenness J. L, Oppenheimer C. W, et al. Childhood Emotional Maltreatment as a Robust Predictor of Suicidal Ideation:A 3-year Multi-wave, Prospective Investigation[J]. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2017, 45(1):105-116.
[51]	张志群, 郭兰婷. 中学生自杀意念的相关因素研究[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2003, 17(12):852-855.
[52]	Hawton K, Saunders K, O'Connor R. Self-harm and Suicide in Adolescents[J]. Lancet, 2012(379):2373-2382.
[53]	谢璟婷. 从生态系统理论谈青少年的自杀成因及预防策略[J]. 台湾:咨商与辅导, 2007(260):7-13.
[54]	Conger R. D, Donnellan M. B. An Interactionist Perspective on the Socioeconomic Context of Human Development[J]. Annual Review of Psychology, 2007, 58(1):175-199.
[55]	Masarik A. S, Conger R. D. Stress and Child Development:A Review of the Family Stress Model[J]. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2017(13):85-90.
[56]	张茜洋, 冷露, 陈红君, 等. 家庭社会经济地位对流动儿童认知能力的影响:父母教养方式的中介作用[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2017, 33(2):153-162
[57]	孙晓军, 周宗奎, 范翠英, 等. 童年中期不同水平的同伴交往变量与孤独感的关系[J]. 心理科学, 2009, 32(3):567-570.
[58]	田录梅, 陈光辉, 王姝琼, 等. 父母支持、友谊支持对早中期青少年孤独感和抑郁的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2012, 44(7):944-956.
[59]	田录梅, 张文新, 陈光辉. 父母支持、友谊质量对孤独感和抑郁的影响:检验一个间接效应模型[J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(2):238-251.
[60]	Blumr W, Halcon L, Beuhering T. Adolescent Health in the Caribbean:Risk and Protective Factors[J]. Public Health, 2003, 93(3):456-460.
[61]	Bearman P. S, Moody J. Suicide and Friendships among American Adolescents[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2004, 94(1):89-95.
[62]	Kalafat J. School Approaches to Youth Suicide Prevention[J]. American Behavioral Science, 2003, 46(9):1211-1223.
[63]	Van Orden K. A, Witte T. K, Cukrowicz K. C, et al. The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide[J]. Psychological Review, 2010, 117(2):575-600.
[64]	Giletta M, Prinstein M. J, Abela J. R. Z, et al. Trajectories of Suicide Ideation and Nonsuicidal Self-injury among Adolescents in Mainland China:Peer Predictors, Joint Development, and Risk for Suicide Attempts[J]. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2015, 83(2):265-279.
[65]	Adams D. M, Overholser J. C, Spirito A. Stressful Life Events Associated with Adolescent Suicide Attempts[J]. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1994, 39(1):43-48.
[66]	Rudd D. Suicide Warning Signs in Clinical Practice[J]. Current Psychiatry Reports, 2008(10):87-90.
[67]	DeLisle M. M, Holden R. R. Differentiating between Depression, Hopelessness, and Psychache in University Undergraduates[J]. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 2009, 42(1):46-63.
[68]	Troister T, Holden R. R. Comparing Psychache, Depression, and Hopelessness in Their Associations with Suicidality:A Test of Shneidman's Theory of Suicide[J]. Personality and Individual Differences, 2010, 49(7):689-693.
[69]	Flamenbaum R, Holden R. R. Psychache as a Mediator in the Relationship between Perfectionism and Suicidality[J]. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2007, 54(1):51-61.
[70]	Gamble W. C, Yu J. J. Adolescent Siblings' Looking Glass Self-Orientations:Patterns of Liabilities and Associations with Parenting[J]. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2008, 37(7):860-874.
[71]	Erikson E. H. Identity and the Life Cycle[M]. New York:International Universities Press, 1959:12.
[72]	林崇德, 李庆安. 青少年期身心发展特点[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2005(1):48-56.
[73]	Yan J, Feng X, Schoppe-Sullivan S. J. Longitudinal Associations between Parent-child Relationships in Middle Childhood and Child-perceived Loneliness[J]. Journal of Family Psychology, 2018, 32(6):841-847.
[74]	Lodder G. M. A, Scholte R. H. J, Goossens L, et al. Loneliness in Early Adolescence:Friendship Quantity, Friendship Quality, and Dyadic Processes[J]. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2017, 46(5):709-720.
[75]	Choi-Kain L, Gunderson J. Mentalization:Ontogeny, Assessment, and Application in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder[J]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2008, 165(9):1127-1135.
[76]	Pollock P. H. The Personality Structure Questionnaire(PSQ):A Measure of the Multiple Self States Model of Identity Disturbance in Cognitive Analytic Therapy[J]. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2001, 8(1):59-72.
[77]	Westen D, Cohen R. P. The Self in Borderline Personality Disorder:A Psychodynamic Perspective[M]//Z. V. Segal, S. J. Blatt (eds.). The Self in Emotional Distress:Cognitive and Psychodynamic Perspectives, 1993:334-368.
[78]	Deci E. L, Ryan R. M. The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits:Human Needs and the Self-determination of Behavior[J]. Psychological Inquiry, 2000, 11(4):227-268.
[79]	Gagné M, Ryan R. M, Bargmann K. Autonomy Support and Need Satisfaction in the Motivation and Well-being of Gymnasts[J]. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2003, 15(4):372-390.
[80]	韩立敏, 卢谢峰, 江光荣. 班主任互动风格与小学生自我概念的关系研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2004, 20(4):61-65.
[81]	Jang H, Reeve J, Ryan R. M, et al. Can Self-determination Theory Explain What Underlies the Productive, Satisfying Learning Experiences of Collectivistically Oriented Korean Students?[J]. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2009, 101(3):644-661.
[82]	La Guardia J. G, Ryan R. M, Couchman C. E, et al. Within-person Variation in Security of Attachment:A Self-determination Theory Perspective on Attachment, Need Fulfillment, and Well-being[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2000, 79(3):367-384.
[83]	Díaz R. P, Arroyo J. C. Personality Factors, Affect, and Autonomy Support as Predictors of Life Satisfaction[J]. Universitas Psychologica, 2013, 12(1):41-53.
[84]	Seiffge-Krenke I, Pakalniskiene V. Who Shapes Whom in the Family:Reciprocal Links between Autonomy Support in the Family and Parents' and Adolescents' Coping Behaviors[J]. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2011, 40(8):983-995.
[85]	Yu C. F, Li X, Wang S. J, et al. Teacher Autonomy Support Reduces Adolescent Anxiety and Depression:An 18-month Longitudinal Study[J]. Journal of Adolescence, 2016(49):115-123.
[86]	Brener N. D, Martindale J, Weist M. D. Mental Health and Social Services:Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000[J]. Journal of School Health, 2000, 71(7):305-312.
[87]	Brock S. E, Nickerson A, Reeves M. A. School Crisis Prevention & Intervention The Prepare Model[M]. National Association of Schools Psychologists, 2016:326.
[88]	Paternite C. E. School-based Mental Health Programs and Services:Overview and Introduction to the Special Issue[J]. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2005(33):657-663.