The Dual Variations of Freedom and Science: The Historical Legacy of UCL's Century-old Curriculum Reform
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摘要: 1826年至1926年，伦敦大学学院自建校以来不断进行课程变革，为更多人提供受教育的机会。依据报刊、期刊等文献资料，参考历史学家布罗代尔的研究思路可以发现：从长时段来看，伦敦大学学院的课程变革始终围绕着自由教育与科学教育的争论展开，在二者间求取平衡是课程变革的“底色”。从中时段来看，伦敦大学学院的课程变革在各历史阶段呈现不同的特征：1826—1840年，课程力求世俗化与实用化，新的综合课程和医学专业课程得以发展；1841—1870年，课程趋于科学化与系统化，科学类课程兴起，实验成为课程实施的主要方式；1871—1898年，课程走向专门化与多元化，科学类课程分类更细，考试成为课程考核的主要方式，女性更多参与到课堂中；1899—1926年，课程更加全面化，“新”课程与“旧”课程同步发展，研究所开始出现。了解伦敦大学学院的百年课程变革史，有助于系统认识近代英国大学的改革状况。Abstract: From 1826 to 1926, University College London has continuously carried out curriculum reform since its establishment to provide more people with educational opportunities. Based on newspapers, journals and other literature, and referring to the research ideas of historian Braudel, it can be identified that: from the perspective of the long-term, the curriculum reform of University College London has always revolved around the debate between liberal education and scientific education. Striving for balance is the "underground" of curriculum reform. From the perspective of the middle-term, the curriculum reform of University College London showed different characteristics in each historical stage. From 1826 to 1840, the curriculum strove to be secular and practical, and new comprehensive courses and medical professional courses were developed. From 1841 to 1870, the curriculum tended to be scientific and systematic, scientific courses emerged, and experimentation became the main way to implement courses. From 1871 to 1898, courses became more professional and diversified. Scientific courses were classified more carefully and examinations became the learning method of courses and women were more likely to get more involved in class. From 1899 to 1926, the curriculum became more comprehensive, the "new" curriculum developed simultaneously with the "old" curriculum, and institutes began to appear. Understanding the century-old curriculum reform history of University College London could help systematically understand the reform status of modern British universities.
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Key words:
- Curriculum reform /
- University College London /
- Liberal education /
- Science education
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表 1 1864年伦敦大学学院的医学课程安排
学院课程 解剖学（Anatomy）、生理学（Physiology）、组织学（Histology）、化学（Chemistry）、植物学（Botany）、物质医学（Materia Medica）、动物学和比较解剖学（Zoology and Comparative Anatomy）、病态解剖学（Morbid Anatomy）、药学（Medicine）、外科学（Surgery）、外科手术（Operative Surgery）、助产（Midwifery）、医学法理学（Medical Jurisprudence）、眼外科（Ophthalmic Surgery）、牙外科（Dental Surgery）、实用解剖学（Practical Anatomy） 医学实践 医学和临床讲座（Medicine and Clinical Lectures）、外科手术（Surgery）、眼部疾病（Eye Diseases）、皮肤疾病（Skin Diseases） 
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