Abstract: Marx completed the innovation of educational theory. This is one of the topics that need to be paid attention to in the study and interpretation of Marx's educational theory. Marx lived in the era of modernity enlightenment and widely penetrated all fields of social life. The scientific knowledge and technological development promoted the industrial revolution and social progress. Yet the development of productive forces created conditions for the bourgeois revolution, and also brought the problems of modernity and capital civilization. Under the conditions, Marx studied political, economic, philosophical and other scholarly works to develop the historical materialism theory of the development of human society, and to construct the educational theory in resisting modernity and capital risks that reflected the historical dimension of the construction of educational theory.