独立生活中的自我与自然——梭罗教育实践与思想探微

王晨; 罗秋白

独立生活中的自我与自然——梭罗教育实践与思想探微

王晨,
罗秋白^,

北京师范大学教育学部，北京 100875

基金项目:

2022年度北京师范大学教育学一流学科培优项目“全面实现教育现代化中国道路的历史研究” YLXKPY-XSDW202203

详细信息

作者简介:
王晨，男，浙江温岭人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史

通讯作者:
罗秋白（通讯作者），女，四川内江人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院硕士研究生，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史，电子邮箱：405537705@qq.com

中图分类号: G40-09
计量
- 文章访问数: 309
- HTML全文浏览量: 119
- PDF下载量: 106
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-25

The Self and Nature in an Independent Life: An Exploration of Thoreau's Educational Practices and Thoughts

WANG Chen,
LUO Qiubai^,

Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

摘要

摘要: 美国十九世纪作家、哲学家、超验主义者亨利·戴维·梭罗以其代表作《瓦尔登湖》闻名于世。鲜为人知的是，梭罗曾短暂地投身于教育实践，并终身对教育议题保持关注。本文通过梳理梭罗的生平及多部作品，对其教育思想展开分析：作为教师，梭罗提倡建立相对平等的师生关系，要以自然和实际生活为师；作为学园演讲者，梭罗认为，成人和孩童一样，都应接受教育，免于无知；作为自我教育实践者，梭罗指出应当从自然之中寻找自我，过不受物质负累的简朴生活。对梭罗的教育思想进行解读，一方面有助于增进对梭罗的了解，拓宽理解其思想谱系以及超验主义运动的维度；另一方面则有助于挖掘其思想中至今仍不过时的关于自由、自我、自然关系的教育内涵，期待能为当今的教育者和受教育者提供启示。
- 梭罗 /
- 学校教育 /
- 成人教育 /
- 自然教育 /
- 自我教育
Abstract: Henry David Thoreau, an American writer, philosopher, and transcsendentalist in the 19th century, is famous for his masterpiece Walden. However, it is less well-known that Thoreau dedicated himself to educational practice briefly and kept lifelong attention on educational issues. This article made an analysis of Thoreau's educational thoughts by teasing out his life and works: As a school teacher, Thoreau advocated that a relatively equal teacher-student relationship should be established and that nature and real life could be seen as a teacher. As a lyceum lecturer, he thought that, adults as well as children, should receive education to avoid being ignorant. And as a self-culture practitioner, Thoreau pointed out that people should seek themselves in nature and live a simple life free from the burden of material possessions. The interpretation of Thoreau's educational thoughts, on one hand, is conducive to understanding Thoreau and broadening the spectrum and dimensions of making sense of his thoughts and transcendentalism; On the other hand, it helps further to dig out the educational meanings in Thoreau's opinions on the relationship freedom, self and nature which are still not out of date till today, to expect to provide enlightenment for today's educators and the educated.
- Henry David Thoreau /
- School education /
- Adult education /
- Nature education /
- Self-educatien

HTML全文

参考文献(51)

[1]	[美]劳拉·达索·沃尔斯. 梭罗传: 完整的一生[M]. 钱佳楠, 译. 郑州: 河南文艺出版社, 2021.
[2]	BICKMAN M. Minding American education: reclaiming the tradition of active learning[M]. New York: Teachers College Press, 2003: 61-74.
[3]	TORREY B, ALLEN F H. The journal of Henry D. Thoreau(vol. Ⅱ)[M]. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949: 83.
[4]	THOREAU H D. Walden; or, Life in the woods[M]. Boston: TICKNOR AND FIELDS, 1854.
[5]	JARVIS E. Traditions and reminiscences of Concord, Massachusetts, 1779-1878[M]. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993: 109-118.
[6]	O'CONNER D. Thoreau in the town school, 1837[J]. The concord saunterer, 1996, 4: 162-172.
[7]	MARBLE R A. Thoreau: his home, friends and books[M]. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1902: 98.
[8]	THOREAU H D. Early essays and miscellanies[M]. Princeton, New York: Princeton University Press, 1975: 31-32.
[9]	HUDSPETH N R. The writings of Henry D. Thoreau: the correspondence 1834-1848(vol. 1)[M]. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2013: 30.
[10]	HARDING W. Henry D. Thoreau, instructor[J]. The educational forum, 1964, 29(1): 89-97. doi: 10.1080/00131726409339321
[11]	HARDING W R. The days of Henry Thoreau[M]. New York: Knopf, 1965: 80.
[12]	HOAR F G. Autobiography of seventy years (Vol Ⅰ)[M]. New York: Charles Scribners'Sons, 1903: 70.
[13]	THOREAU H D, DEAN B. Wild fruits: Thoreau's rediscovered last manuscript[M]. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000: 238.
[14]	TORREY B, ALLEN F H (eds. ). The journal of Henry D. Thoreau(vol. XIV)[M]. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949: 210.
[15]	[美] 罗德里克·弗雷泽·纳什. 荒野与美国思想[M]. 侯文蕙, 侯钧, 译. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2012: 80.
[16]	WHICHER S E, SPILLER R E, WILLIAMS W E (eds. ). The early lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson(vol. Ⅱ)[M]. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1964: 215-216.
[17]	SANBORN F B. The life of Henry David Thoreau[M]. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1917: 205-206.
[18]	罗伯特·D. 理查德森. 梭罗传: 瓦尔登湖畔的心灵人生[M]. 刘洋, 译. 杭州: 浙江文艺出版社. 2020.
[19]	SEWALL E Q. Journal No. 4, March 28-May 16, 1840[Z/OL]. [2022-07-10]. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/sewall-vol4#1.
[20]	BLANDING T. Edmund Quincy Sewall, Jr., Henry Thoreau's "pure uncompromising spirit"[J]. The concord saunterer, 1984, 17(3): 1–3.
[21]	EMERSON W E. Thoreau as remembered by a young friend[M]. Boston & New York, 1917: 22-23.
[22]	TORREY B, ALLEN F H (eds. ). The journal of Henry David Thoreau (vol. XⅢ)[M]. Boston & : Houghton Mifflin Company, 1949: 67.
[23]	FELTON C C. An address, pronounced on the anniversary of the concord lyceum[Z]//RUSELL W. American journal of education, 1830(1): 133.
[24]	SANBORN F B. American man of letters[M]. Boston & New York: Houghton Mufflin Company, 1882: 48.
[25]	TORREY B, ALLEN F H. The journal of Henry David Thoreau(vol. I)[M]. Boston: Houghton Mufflin Company, 1949.
[26]	THOREAU H D. A week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers[M]. Boston and Cambridge: James Munroe and Company, 1849.
[27]	THOREAU H D. Reform papers[M]. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973.
[28]	ROSENBLUM A L. 梭罗政治著作选[M]. 北京: 中国政法大学出版社, 2003.
[29]	BOWMAN J J. Imagination and environmental political thought: the aftermath of Thoreau[M]. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2018: 75.
[30]	BRUFORD W H. German tradition of self-cultivation: 'bildung' from Humboldt to Thomas Mann[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1974: vii.
[31]	KATHRYN H W. Self-Culture and the private value of humanities[J]. College literature, 2018, 45(4): 587-595. doi: 10.1353/lit.2018.0033
[32]	CHANNING W E. Self-Culture[M]//CHANNING W E. The works of William E. Channing, D. D(vol. Ⅱ). Boston: James Munroe and Company, 1845: 354.
[33]	[美] 爱默生. 爱默生随笔[M]. 蒲隆, 译. 上海: 上海译文出版社, 2010: 75.
[34]	[美] 吉欧·波尔泰编. 爱默生集: 论文与讲演录[M]. 赵一凡, 等译. 上海: 生活·读书·新知三联书店, 1993: 66.
[35]	TORREY B, ALLEN F H (eds. ). The journal of Henry David Thoreau(vol. XⅡ)[M]. Boston: Houghton Mufflin Company, 1949: 389-390.
[36]	RAILTON S. Thoreau's 'resurrection of virtue'[J]. American quarterly, 1972, 24(2): 218.
[37]	THOREAU H D (ed). Excursions[M]. Boston: TICKNOR AND FIELDS, 1863: 56-57.
[38]	THOREAU H D (ed). The essays of Henry D. Thoreau[M]. New York: North Point Press, 2002.
[39]	TORREY B, ALLEN F H (eds. ). The journal of Henry David Thoreau(vol. VI)[M]. Boston: Houghton Mufflin Company, 1949: 206.
[40]	[美] 亨利·戴维·梭罗. 瓦尔登湖的反光: 梭罗日记[M]. 朱子仪, 译. 北京: 金城出版社, 2014: 54.
[41]	SAYRE R F. Thoreau and the American Indians[M]. Princeton N J: Princeton University Press, 1977: X.
[42]	TORREY B, ALLEN F H(eds. ). The journal of Henry D. Thoreau(vol. X)[M]. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949: 313.
[43]	FLECK R F. Henry Thoreau and John Muir among the native Americans[M]. Portland, OR: Westwinds Press, 2015: 20.
[44]	毛亮. "疏离"与"参与": 梭罗与《公民的不服从》[J]. 外国文学评论, 2013 (2): 29. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WGWX201302002.htm
[45]	KRUTCH J W. Henry David Thoreau[M]. London: Methuen, 1900: 84.
[46]	[美] 彼得·N. 斯特恩斯. 世界历史上的消费主义[M]. 邓超, 译. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2015: 46-53.
[47]	王树生, 李松花. 梭罗的美好生活探索及其当代价值——缓解自然、个体与社会张力的生活实践[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 20(1): 51-60. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HRBG201801010.htm
[48]	BICKMAN M. Uncommon learning: Thoreau on education[M]. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999: xv.
[49]	STEEL J. The representation of the self in the American Renaissance[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press Collection, 1987: 41.
[50]	EMERSON R W. Thoreau[J]. The atlantic monthly, 1862, 10(58): 239-249.
[51]	COLE T. Essays on American scenery[J]. The american monthly, 1836: 1-12.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 309
HTML全文浏览量: 119
PDF下载量: 106
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

独立生活中的自我与自然——梭罗教育实践与思想探微

作者简介:
王晨，男，浙江温岭人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史

通讯作者:
罗秋白（通讯作者），女，四川内江人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院硕士研究生，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史，电子邮箱：405537705@qq.com

计量

The Self and Nature in an Independent Life: An Exploration of Thoreau's Educational Practices and Thoughts

计量

目录

留言板

独立生活中的自我与自然——梭罗教育实践与思想探微

作者简介: 王晨，男，浙江温岭人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史

通讯作者: 罗秋白（通讯作者），女，四川内江人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院硕士研究生，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史，电子邮箱：405537705@qq.com

计量

出版历程

The Self and Nature in an Independent Life: An Exploration of Thoreau's Educational Practices and Thoughts

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
王晨，男，浙江温岭人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史

通讯作者:
罗秋白（通讯作者），女，四川内江人，北京师范大学教育学部教育历史与文化研究院硕士研究生，主要研究方向为西方教育思想史，电子邮箱：405537705@qq.com