Abstract: Under the background of prominent inter school differences in junior high schools,the competitive relationship between public and private junior high schools has become increasingly prominent.Using the framework of education production function,we find that:(1) the competition in education input of public and private junior high schools is concentrated in the competition for high-quality students;(2) the competition in educational output of public and private junior high schools becomes the level of enrollment rate;(3) the competition of input-output ratio of public and private junior high schools is ignored.The government should take the Same Enrollment Policy of Public and Private Schools as an opportunity to create an orderly and reasonable competition atmosphere between public and private junior high schools,so as to promote the high-quality and balance the development of junior high school education.