Effects and Mechanisms of Challenge-Hindrance Stressors on Teachers' Innovative Work Behavior
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摘要: 随着教师工作环境中压力的增大，理解和促进教师创新工作行为的重要性日益凸显。研究基于江苏省856名初中教师的问卷调查，采用结构方程模型和分位数回归等检验挑战性—阻碍性压力对教师创新工作行为的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现：挑战性压力对教师创新工作行为具有显著的直接和间接效应；阻碍性压力对教师创新工作行为只具有显著的间接效应；工作投入在挑战性—阻碍性压力与教师创新工作行为之间发挥中介作用；挑战性压力对不同教师创新工作行为水平的提升效益总体呈现倒“U”型关系。因此，学校需要重视不同压力源对教师创新工作行为的作用，设计并实施针对不同类型压力的教师支持计划。Abstract: With the increase of stress in teachers' work environments, it is becoming increasingly important to understand and promote teachers' innovative work behaviors. In this study, 856 junior high school teachers in Jiangsu Province were surveyed with questionnaire, and structural equation modeling and quantile regression were used to test the effects of challenge-hindrance stressors on teachers' work innovative behaviors and the mechanisms of their effects. It was found that challenge stressors had significant direct and indirect effects on teachers' innovative work behaviors; hindrance stressors had only significant indirect effects on teachers' innovative work behaviors; work engagement played a mediating role between challenge-hindrance stressors and teachers' innovative work behaviors; and the benefits of challenge stressors on the levels of different teachers' innovative work behaviors showed an inverse "U"-shaped relationship. Therefore, schools need to pay attention to the effects of different stressors on teachers' innovative work behaviors, and design and implement teacher support programs for different types of stresses.
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表 1 信度与聚合效度检验结果
变量 标准化因子载荷 CR AVE 克隆巴赫Alpha 挑战性压力 0.500-0.907 0.854 0.507 0.851 阻碍性压力 0.603-0.879 0.881 0.600 0.881 工作投入 0.682-0.935 0.953 0.696 0.948 教师创新工作行为 0.713-0.902 0.954 0.699 0.954 
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表 2 各变量的均值、标准差、相关系数和AVE的平方根（n=856）
变量 均值 标准差 挑战性压力 阻碍性压力 工作投入 教师创新工作行为 挑战性压力 4.221 0.565 0.712 阻碍性压力 2.920 1.012 0.208** 0.775 工作投入 4.192 0.637 0.315** -0.207** 0.834 教师创新工作行为 4.150 0.665 0.351** -0.109** 0.601** 0.836 注：**表示p＜0.01；对角线上的粗体字表示AVE的平方根
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表 3 教师创新工作行为得分在教师背景方面的差异分析
类别 类别 个案数 平均值 标准偏差 平均值差值 95% CI 下限 上限 学历 本科 579 4.130 0.661 -0.061 -0.157 0.035 硕士 275 4.191 0.673 是否是班主任 是 264 4.131 0.733 -0.028 -0.125 0.068 否 592 4.159 0.632 科目 主科（语数外） 431 4.084 0.683 -0.135 -0.224 -0.046 副科（其他） 425 4.218 0.64 性别 男 221 4.226 0.701 0.102 0.000 0.204 女 635 4.124 0.65
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表 4 中介效应检验
工作投入中介效应检验 Bootstrapping 95% CI P-Value β SE Lower Upper 间接效应 挑战性压力 0.195 0.031 0.141 0.266 0.000 阻碍性压力 -0.206 0.024 -0.256 -0.162 0.000 直接效应 挑战性压力 0.141 0.036 0.072 0.215 0.000 阻碍性压力 0.011 0.029 -0.043 0.069 0.641 总效应 挑战性压力 0.337 0.049 0.246 0.433 0.000 阻碍性压力 -0.195 0.035 -0.263 -0.126 0.000
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